#41115 - 2001-10-31 04:14:02
學佛疑題
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潛龍勿用
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註冊: 2001-10-31
文章數: 6
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佛家叫人們吃素,不可殺生。但是動物的繁殖速度卻相當迅速,再者牠們卻不曉得任何避孕方法..... 在這情況下,宰殺牠們並吃其肉,一方面可供人類所活,另一方面則用來調節牠們在地球的繁殖出生率,那不是兩全其美嗎?
最近我家多了些不速之客,那就是一
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#41116 - 2001-10-31 15:57:42
Re: 學佛疑題
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一元復始
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註冊: 1999-12-21
文章數: 1329
來自: 海王星
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若如此說,這世界上最該宰殺來吃的應該是人類.
因為宰殺人類可以延緩地球邁向毀滅,資源耗竭,也可以停止人類繼續破壞環境.
如果世界上還有另一種族群宰殺我們人類並吃我們的肉,並且覺得應該做成各式美食.
一方面可供族群可活,一方面調節我們在地球的繁殖出生率.
那不是兩全其美嗎?
人肉乾,人血糕,人肉貢丸,三杯紅燒人肉,人肉冬粉,脆皮烤人..
我們是不會吃人類,或許少數大餤嬰兒湯的人還是有,或是秘境的食人族嗑肉嗑的高興
我們以人的角度來思考生物立場,讓我們想想假如我們是被吃的呢?人家覺得我們好吃所以做成料理,是否很棒呢?
剛才的料理是否讓你食指大動呢?以『人』的立場看恐怕很噁心吧.
當然不是所有人都接受這個觀念,這世界畢竟弱肉強食.不殺生是培養慈悲心的基本,就連吃素也會必要的傷害到眾生(洗菜燙菜殺蟲卵等).我們常常讓許多眾生因我們而死亡,所有眾生過去世都曾做過你的父母,我們都在吃父母肉...
以西藏喇嘛來說,終年寒冷,植物生長極不易,青稞產量有限,不得不以動物為食,但是不吃為他們而死的肉,而這些動物他們藉由祝禱修法超渡,其感恩之心亦是,因為這些動物犧牲自己來成全他們求證佛法利益大眾,過去及現在和未來世那些曾用身體物質等等供養他們修持佛法的眾生,都會因為他們得證修法而得渡.
很多人有這類蚊蟲驅除的問題,其實世面上有不少地方有賣驅除性的驅蟲劑,不一定要殺才能趕走,所以許多佛教徒會盡量避免蚊蟲螻蟻於家宅產生的外緣,不在家吃甜食,裝紗窗不讓飛蟲進入等...如果會危害家宅,進而傷及人命的蟲蟻,因生命利益關係,可以清除.不過平時就要盡量做好防制措施,不然一再引來蟲蟻,不斷造作殺業,其業力影響甚鉅.
>佛家六道中的修羅道,不知那處是一回怎樣的地方?
具我印象中聽聞,阿修羅所居的地方是在海的另一端,那裡的男性面目猙獰,身材壯碩魁武,性好爭鬥打殺,甚為殘暴.而女性卻極其美麗、美艷.那裡的世界常常發生鬥爭.是個暴力、嫉妒、貪婪味濃厚的世界,他們時常會和天道的帝釋天打仗,只是不滿天道的福報.
其實,反觀現在的世界,就如翻版的阿修羅道.
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捻花微笑有何意 一念之間了破禪
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#41117 - 2001-11-01 01:51:38
Re: 學佛疑題
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久盛不衰
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註冊: 1999-12-21
文章數: 9718
來自: 台北彭泉源
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的確,人口太多了.
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八字生涯的專門,妙用五行自然法的精微甚深造化.
迴向 希望我的老師可以長住於世.利益眾生. 律己 所有的錯誤,都從自己要求開始反省.罵別人是沒用的.
網路終將對政治產生革命性的變化. 基本要素,還是無謂粉飾?中心本質,還是操作技巧?大勢所趨,還是一時流行?創新突破,還是精進改善? 統派才是主流,慈悲才是真正的力量,應設定世界村的標準,來整合各個成員.若不此途,只是自絕生路於邊陲. 慈悲統一世界村.這是我對佛教的體悟.獨是錯的,強調自我的意識是沒有必要的.自私的人只是更笨而已.與慈悲的價值顛倒.
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#41118 - 2001-11-01 08:44:52
Re: 學佛疑題
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潛龍勿用
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註冊: 2001-10-31
文章數: 6
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人類的自私、不公平….. 愚蠢的人類只會以『人』的立場來看這世界一切。感性地想:我亦很贊同『這世界上最該宰殺來吃的應該是人類。』
撇除天災、戰爭、疾病等未知因素,純綷從自然生長的角度來看,包括人
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#41119 - 2001-11-01 15:57:08
認真比較起來,我們有比較好嗎?
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一元復始
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註冊: 1999-12-21
文章數: 1329
來自: 海王星
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>某程度上人類可以自己控制人口生長速度,減慢資源分配不足的時間來臨步代,但其他生物則不會。
有多少未被科技普遍的國家仍然持續著不斷強增人口?當我們說著有能力節約生育時,地球上許多教育未普及的國家人民根本沒想這些事.
好像我們吃飽了,別人也就一樣吃飽了...
我們許多想法是規範於我們生活的環境,小孩要教育費、要吃喝穿、要培養、所以在這方面精簡了,但好多國家的地方人民不必擔憂這個問題,生育孩子是為了要讓他們工作負擔家計,有時後一個婦人一生中先後幾十胎不足為奇.再來是醫學藥品普及的問題,有許多國家可以和台灣一樣幸運嗎?有各類避孕藥、保險套,想不開還可以墮胎...?
當我們擔心那些昆蟲數以萬計時,怎麼我們出門看見多是人滿為患,卻不常看見繁殖率早已應該掩沒地球的昆蟲四竄馬路滿天飛滿地爬呢?我們人類不是幫兇嗎?製造許多環境條件給害蟲生存,又間接的因為化學劑用品而引起許多不正常現象呢?
如果科技帶給人們幸福,那是許多意想不到的方便.
當科技發展了以後...我們現在的生態環境有比較好過嗎?
>現今地球卻是以人類為直接主宰者,人類擁有的文化及操控地球上其他生物之能力,是地球上其他生物所不能的!
有一個人,晚上燒別人的房子,早上幫人蓋燒毀的房子,燒房子只要一晚,幫忙蓋房子卻要兩個禮拜,當那個人早上對大家信心喊話要加油一定能蓋好房子,晚上卻又繼續燒其他房子去了......於是被幫忙蓋房子的人感激他,卻很少人發覺那房子是他燒的.那些被幫忙的人看到他的好,卻鮮少注意到他是縱火兇嫌...
當我們自以為是的操縱地球生物的命運,我們是不是該拿出所有我們失敗的例子?既然我們是最主要的操縱者,為何我們常常是不斷的在彌補錯誤?
人類就是食物網最不平衡的一環,這個網已經失衡了,你覺得呢,現實的證明往往令人痛心,認真比較,我們真的因為有許多優勢而讓世界更美好嗎?
_________________________
捻花微笑有何意 一念之間了破禪
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#41120 - 2001-11-03 13:25:58
Replacing chemical power with brainpower.
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飛龍在天
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註冊: 2001-06-24
文章數: 485
來自: 美國
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Hi:
I am a buddhist who enjoys reading but suffers in losing long term memory that I used to have. So, I tried to type the parts I like from whatever article I read. The followings are the what I have typed from one article in the Audubon setember-october issue. Hopefully, it can give you some hints to deal with your dilemma.
Replacing chemical power with brainpower.
Many schools use an arsenal of toxic pesticide to fight invading armies of roaches ( cockroaches) and rodents. Students in this Detroit battleground chose a healthier--- and more effective---strategy.
Students on the patrol must have detailed knowledge of insect and rodent biology in order to figure out how to control them. It’s a scenario that most science teachers can only dream of.
The deepest, darken corner s of Cass Tech are no safe haven for German cockroaches.
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夫君子之行﹕靜以修身,儉以養德。非澹泊無以明志,非寧靜無以致遠。夫學須靜也,才須學也。非學無以廣才,非靜無以成學。慆慢則不能研精,險躁則不能理性。
年與時馳,意與日去, 遂成枯落, 多不接世。 悲守窮盧,將復何及﹗-------諸葛亮誡子書
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#41121 - 2001-11-08 03:07:54
禪坐
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潛龍勿用
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註冊: 2001-10-31
文章數: 6
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初嘗學習,但思緒總不可安靜下來,最後結果還是呼呼入睡.....
** 阿彌陀彿 **
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#41122 - 2001-11-08 05:53:08
Re: 禪坐
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飛龍在天
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註冊: 2001-06-24
文章數: 485
來自: 美國
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初嘗學習,但思緒總不可安靜下來, It is not uncommon for beginner like you.
最後結果還是呼呼入睡..... Make sure that you practice meditation at the right timing. Usually, Practice it right after geting up in the morning will get you the best result. Don't do it right after eating or when you are very tired. Feel sleepy ? you can try to focus your mind on the light circle that you usual can see at the back of buddha's head.
** 阿彌陀彿 **
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夫君子之行﹕靜以修身,儉以養德。非澹泊無以明志,非寧靜無以致遠。夫學須靜也,才須學也。非學無以廣才,非靜無以成學。慆慢則不能研精,險躁則不能理性。
年與時馳,意與日去, 遂成枯落, 多不接世。 悲守窮盧,將復何及﹗-------諸葛亮誡子書
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#41123 - 2001-11-08 06:37:46
Re: 學佛疑題
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飛龍在天
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註冊: 2001-06-24
文章數: 485
來自: 美國
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What do you think after reading the article I paste from current issue of Audubon magazine ?
Tainan boy
Paste from :Red Baiting (Audubon November 2001 issue) The USDA wants to poison 2 million blackbirds a year to save sunflower crops in the Upper Midwest. Trouble is, the department's own data suggest the plan won't work.
by Ted Williams
It is difficult for swamp Yankees to write objectively about how best to kill red-winged blackbirds for the alleged benefit of agribusiness, particularly when the plan reeks of politics. In our circles, the arrival of the males in late February, or sometimes early March, is important news and no less cause for celebration than the first tentative chimes of spring peepers a few weeks later. In the Northeast, as in most of the nation, redwings serve as palace guards to ancient snappers and their courts of lesser turtles, frogs, muskrats, ducks, herons, pickerel, and trout. Few are the days when, sprung from work or winter, I am not gladdened by at least one redwing, fluttering up from her nest, riding a bobbing cattail, or flashing his scarlet epaulets and shouting "Okareeee!" into the sweet wind.
The scene is different in the Dakotas and western Minnesota, where the arrival of redwings, especially southbound in late summer, elicits only bile. Here, some 40 million strong, they waft across the smooth horizon like unscrubbed coal smoke. Probably, these flights are the nearest thing anyone will ever see to the movement of passenger pigeons. In fact, some scientists speculate that it was the demise of the passenger pigeon, also a ground gleaner, that enabled the irruption of redwings. Assisting in this irruption, of course, have been vast plantations of rice, corn, wheat, and sunflowers.
Sunflower seeds, especially the black kind, half oil, are the most succulent, nutritious food available to redwings. Occasionally assisted by a few yellow-headed blackbirds and common grackles, they will descend like hail on a 50-acre sunflower field, consuming a third, half, or all of the crop, and like hail, there is no predicting where they'll hit next. Most of America's 10,000 sunflower growers are in the Dakotas and Minnesota, where they produce 80 percent of the nation's crop--mostly for oil, some for wild-bird seed, and some for human "confection" (the striped, salted kind one bites and spits). Estimates of blackbird damage to sunflowers vary from about $10 million to $20 million a year, and this doesn't include the enormous cost of trying to drive them away. The loss sounds trivial when one considers that the annual worth of the nation's sunflower crop approaches half a billion dollars, but the damage is not evenly distributed. About 500 growers lose more than a quarter of their crop in any given year.
So the wildlife-damage-control section of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is proposing to poison 2 million blackbirds a year, for at least three years, during their spring migration. APHIS has no reason to believe that this will provide relief for sunflower growers, but the agency has been facing withering political pressure from the growers, who want to see redwing carcasses and who speak through the National Sunflower Association (a funder of APHIS research).
APHIS has found that the damage is caused by local nesting birds but that something like 70 percent of the spring migrants continue on to Canada. Such scientific subtleties, however, are lost on the growers. Scott Nelson, who chaired the National Sunflower Association until July and who has been raising sunflowers in Lakota, North Dakota, for 17 years, puts it this way: "If you kill one blackbird, I do know that that one will not eat your sunflowers." Blackbird control--as it has been practiced on a limited, experimental basis in the past and as it is being proposed on a large-scale "operational" basis for the future--provides a fine example of how a good, effective agency that employs excellent scientists can be coerced by special interests into chasing its tail. There are, however, at least two alternatives to killing blackbirds that promise genuine relief to sunflower growers.
Any critique of APHIS needs to be prefaced with some facts about the agency--facts a large element of the American public doesn't want to know. Herewith, some of the most important.
• Most animal-damage control done by APHIS is nonlethal.
• Most animal-damage control done by APHIS is innovative and effective.
• A great deal of the agency's work is directed at endangered-species recovery. There have been stunning successes.
• APHIS doesn't casually festoon the American landscape with biocides. In controlled experiments it has been killing blackbirds with rice laced with DRC-1339, a short-lived, rapidly metabolized poison with a long track record of effectiveness, safety, and selectivity. For 30 years DRC-1339 has been successfully used on ravens, crows, pigeons, starlings, cowbirds, grackles, red-winged blackbirds, magpies, and sundry gulls. Because it is quickly metabolized, the possibility of secondary poisoning (in which a bird or mammal dies from eating a stricken blackbird) is remote. Direct mortality of nontargets is probably inevitable but, in this case at least, utterly unacceptable in any quantity because the proposed program is basically a political gesture that is unlikely to succeed. APHIS minimizes the threat by 1) using caged redwings to decoy wild ones; 2) "pre-baiting" an area with unpoisoned rice, so that when the hot bait goes out, the birds stream in and consume huge amounts, leaving little for nontargets; and 3) keeping baited areas small. To annually take out 2 million blackbirds, APHIS would have to bait a maximum of only 50 acres a year and more likely less than 30.
• Finally, one might argue that much of the experimental blackbird control was necessary, if only to prove what doesn't work. It also forestalled vigilante action of the sort that occurred near Mascoutah, Illinois, in October 1999, when a wheat farmer sought to solve his blackbird problem by illegally dousing 12 acres with carbofuran, a poison so deadly to birds that it kills scavengers that eat the victims and even scavengers that eat the scavengers. He killed 27,000 birds, not all of them redwings, then paid a $5,000 fine for violating the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and misusing a pesticide. What's more, without the failed experiments, the scene might be much worse in the Dakotas, where even now there are reports of frustrated sunflower growers poisoning wetlands with crankcase oil and opening pressurized tanks of fertilizer--highly toxic and thoroughly nonselective--upwind of wetlands where redwings roost.
It's not hard to understand why Scott Nelson wants to kill all the blackbirds he sees, including Canada's. Last year he planted 1,500 acres in sunflowers; this year, because of blackbirds, he planted only 500. "We've had nine years of incredibly wet weather, so now every little dimple is standing in cattails," he says. "On top of that a lot of the land here is under easement to the Fish and Wildlife Service, which prevents it from being drained and farmed as it should be. I've been forced to take nearly all the fields near cattails out of production. Last year on half our crop we lost 90 percent to blackbirds, and on the other half we lost 30 percent to 50 percent." When I asked how much that came to, he started punching a calculator. "The number's so big I hate to even see it," he muttered. "Probably about $200,000."
APHIS and the growers have tried all manner of hazing methods. Propane cannons triggered by electric timers sometimes scare redwings; more often they provide perches. Growers attempt to frighten redwings with firecrackers, occasionally burning up their fields in the process. They buzz redwings with airplanes, blast them with sirens, strafe them with shotguns, and frighten them with a sparsely applied pesticide called Avitrol, which makes the few that ingest it squawk and flap around before it kills them. One grower uses hawk kites suspended from helium balloons. Another, having equipped his helicopter with a tape deck and amplifier, hovers over his sunflowers playing Willie Nelson Live in Concert. Even APHIS admits that success at nonlethal redwing control means driving the birds to another field, hopefully the neighbor's.
So lethal control has a special allure. APHIS is proceeding with an environmental-impact study (EIS) in pursuit of its plan to poison 2 million redwings annually for at least three years during the spring migration. As early as 1991, however, the agency published a paper stating that spring baiting probably wouldn't protect sunflowers because the birds disperse widely during breeding season.
In 1993 and 1994 APHIS had tried poisoning blackbirds during the fall migration, when the birds were doing the damage, which would seem a more direct and efficient approach. But in 1996 it published a paper concluding that fall baiting doesn't work. The reason: Blackbirds don't like rice (or any other bait) nearly so well as sunflower seeds. Why should they pick up bad hamburger on the ground when they can get prime rib eye on the sagging seedheads? Then, in 1998, under fierce pressure from powerful, articulate, well-organized, ignorant growers, the agency extended fall baiting to 460 fields.
APHIS argues passionately, though not very convincingly, that it wasn't posturing for the sunflower industry. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service--a traditionally meek outfit that shuns confrontation of any sort--loudly says that posturing was precisely what APHIS was doing, and when Fish and Wildlife shouts, the public better listen. In fact, it has been attacking APHIS with such vitriol that it now tries to have only one agency official talk to the press about blackbird control--Larry Gamble, environmental contaminants coordinator for the mountain-prairie region. "Fall baiting was pure politics," he told me. "We received the environmental assessment the day APHIS started baiting. The researchers would have done a better job, but they were rushed by their superiors. They were supposed to collect data; they didn't. They didn't follow the parts of the label intended to protect nontarget birds [which forbids the use of DRC-1339 when nontargets are eating unpoisoned bait put out to condition blackbirds]. They were supposed to document the number of blackbirds at the bait sites, and they said they'd seen 2,000. Someone asked, 'You only saw that many at each?' And they kind of lowered their heads and said, 'No, that was the total number we counted on all 460 sites.' Then they said the 1998 fall-baiting study was too small and they needed a bigger one. So we acquiesced and gave them the permit because we knew the results would be no different." Fall baiting in 1999 and 2000, which APHIS decided to scale way back, also proved utterly ineffective. Now it has given up on fall baiting, and even the sunflower growers agree it doesn't work.
The spring baiting APHIS is now proposing is a very different concept, in which northbound birds are to be poisoned as they funnel through a narrow migration corridor in South Dakota. APHIS had been doing spring baiting, too--also on a small-scale, experimental basis--from 1994 to 1999. In spring redwings don't have the luxury of ripe sunflower seeds, so poisoned rice looks a whole lot better to them. But spring baiting has its own set of daunting, maybe insurmountable, challenges. For one thing, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act appears not to allow killing birds six months before they depredate. So APHIS may need a special depredation permit from the Fish and Wildlife Service, which, at this writing, seems unlikely to be coughed up. For another, a large percentage of the birds moving through the Dakotas in the spring don't eat sunflower seeds in the fall.
"Spring baiting is more about convenience," says Gamble. "It's another case of APHIS ignoring its own research. They studied these roosts, while the males were migrating, marked the birds with fluorescent paint. It turned out that 70 percent of them nested in Canada, but the damage is caused by local nesting birds. APHIS wants to target females [which migrate after the males]. They assume that the females from these roosts are going to nest in the Dakotas, but there's absolutely no data. During the last four years of [experimental] spring baiting, the nesting population increased by 33 percent, but damage remained the same. So it doesn't appear that nesting population size is related to damage. We've asked them about this and haven't received a response. . . . I'm troubled by a federal agency selling this program to farmers as a tool that works when their own data shows it doesn't."
When APHIS requested a scientific collector's permit under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act to kill 2 million blackbirds in the spring of 2000, supposedly as an expanded study, the Fish and Wildlife Service denied the permit. APHIS responded to this affront by abandoning the scientific-research approach and instead seeking a large-scale, operational program via an EIS.
The Fish and Wildlife Service asked scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey's Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Colorado State University, and New Mexico State University to review the spring-baiting proposal. The scientists, too, had major problems with it.
But APHIS defends its position. "There's a difference between a researcher who has worked in this field for 20 years and outside reviewing scientists who are not very familiar with migration patterns of blackbirds," remarked George Linz, APHIS's proj-ect leader for blackbird research on the Great Plains, when I read him some of the comments of his critics. "I do not 'ignore' any data, or I would not be the project leader of this very tough problem. It's the interpretation of the data where we differ." Linz is a superb scientist with a well-earned reputation for professionalism and honesty. Moreover, he's a member of every major bird group, as well as Audubon, and his farm is a forest of nest boxes. He likes wildlife, but he understands it, too, and that takes considerably more doing. When I asked him if political pressure had pushed his superiors into fall and spring blackbird baiting against their better judgment, he said this: "Well, every agency has a special-interest group it responds to. The Fish and Wildlife Service has theirs. Ours is agriculture. I'll let it go at that."
Linz is a researcher. Researchers love to do research; setting time limits, using it to frame management, and making decisions about whether or not to proceed with major wildlife-damage-control programs is up to someone else.
In addition to understanding the good work APHIS does, environmentalists need to perceive its failures in the correct context. Bending with the political breeze may not be excusable for a resource agency, but it is universal. The Fish and Wildlife Service, formerly the parent of APHIS's wildlife-damage-control section, is no less guilty. For instance, in 1996 it called in APHIS to clear a 125-acre beachhead with DRC-1339 to help black skimmers, threatened piping plovers, and terns on gull-plagued, 7,600-acre Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, at the elbow of Cape Cod. Before 1961 there had been no nesting gulls on the refuge; in 1995 there were 5,200 pairs of herring gulls and 7,350 pairs of greater black-backs. As requested, APHIS took out 15 percent of the gulls, killing no nontargets in the process. That year nesting pairs of common terns soared from 231 to 694, least terns from 28 to 103, roseate terns (endangered) from zero to 3, piping plovers from 14 to 20, and black skimmers from zero to 5. But the public tends not to distinguish between light-colored seabirds smaller than a bread box, valuing all equally, regardless of species or abundance. So badly did the Fish and Wildlife Service get beaten up by animal-rights advocates and even mainstream environmentalists that it quit using DRC-1339 at the refuge. Now, at enormous cost in man-hours, it harasses nesting gulls daily on 75 acres and punctures eggs on 50. While this works, too, resources desperately needed by wildlife are being siphoned off merely to appease ecological illiterates.
I am beginning to suspect that the travails of APHIS in the Upper Midwest are due not just to its own timidity but also to the simple fact that reducing damage to sunflowers by killing blackbirds is not practical, maybe not even possible. By contrast, protecting livestock from wolves in Minnesota is a piece of cake (see "Living With Wolves"). "Fifteen years ago farmers could handle 10 percent to 15 percent loss to blackbirds," says Larry Kleingartner, executive director of the National Sunflower Association. "But in today's economic environment, it's not in the cards. So they're going to other crops." Maybe that's just the way it has to be.
Still, there are measures that might help. The most promising--an alternative that will be listed in the EIS--is herbiciding more of the cattail monocultures blackbirds roost in, doubling treated areas from about 4,000 to 8,000 acres a year. Maybe even the 8,000 acres should be doubled. At something like $60 per acre, the program would be expensive but an infinitely better investment than spring baiting. "I'm a big believer in cattail reduction, because it addresses the problem at hand," says Linz. "The damage is in the fall, and it occurs because a lot of birds congregate in wetlands that have some water in them. The reason the program's in place is that we do think it disperses damage."
With about 750,000 acres of cattails in North Dakota alone, 8,000 or 16,000 acres wouldn't be missed, even if they were an ecological asset. But they aren't. What makes cattail reduction even more attractive is that at the same time it destroys redwing habitat, it restores lost biodiversity. Most of the cattails that provide roosts for redwings in the Upper Midwest are an invasive hybrid of the narrow-leafed variety, which moved east into the Dakotas about 60 years ago, and the native common cattail. The herbicide used--glyphosate--is relatively innocuous and used in low concentrations, posing little threat to other organisms. "We have no concerns about toxicity," comments Michael McEnroe, a biologist with the Fish and Wildlife Service's refuge division. In fact, the service has retained APHIS to use glyphosate on its own waterfowl production areas.
In one experiment APHIS found that 17 wetlands choked with cattail monocultures harbored 197 dabbling ducks and 6 diving ducks. During the two post-treatment years, those wetlands harbored 782 dabblers and 244 divers. In other wetlands, populations of six classes of invertebrates remained stable after herbiciding, but gastropods increased. The Fish and Wildlife Service did have some concerns about species that depend on thick cattail cover, mainly marsh wrens and rails, so on marshes that it doesn't control, it talked APHIS into leaving at least 30 percent of the cattails, thereby creating a mosaic of vegetation and open water not unlike the natural marshes of old. On its own marshes, the Fish and Wildlife Service welcomed blackbird control. "Fortunately, we've been able to partner with APHIS," declares Roger Hollevoet, district director of the Devils Lake Waterfowl Management District, in northeastern North Dakota. "We get free management that way--a good interspersion of cattails and open water. First we see a reduction in blackbirds. Then we start seeing many of the wading birds coming back, then waterfowl--both divers and dabblers--and, finally, bitterns, black-crowned night herons, great blues, and black terns. We might displace some marsh wrens and some sora and Virginia rails, but they still have plenty of habitat along the fringes."
In Venezuela, where dickcissels ravage crops of rice and sorghum, farmers had been getting no relief by poisoning the birds by the hundreds of thousands on their nocturnal roosts. Now, under a cooperative venture with the Venezuelan Audubon Society and several universities, they've agreed to hold off on the pesticides and try nonlethal alternatives. "There is no silver bullet," points out Alejandro Grajal, Audubon's vice-president for Latin America and the Caribbean. And most of the alternatives being tested wouldn't work on blackbirds. But one strategy--insurance--holds tremendous promise for sunflower growers. Like dickcissels, blackbirds touch down with no predictability, sparing most farmers in any given year but blitzing a few. While funding has yet to be procured, an insurance-style model is being set up in Venezuela in which the farmers' co-op, with the support of government and nongovernment organizations, would compensate farmers who suffer major losses. In our Upper Midwest, such a system would probably be far more cost-effective than trying to effect population control on superabundant blackbirds, especially if it were combined with aggressive cattail reduction.
After Audubon published a short piece on blackbird poisoning ("Bye-Bye Blackbirds"), a reader wrote us expressing dismay that he was "supporting this heinous behavior by Dakota farmers and the federal government" by buying "hundreds of pounds of sunflower seeds a year."
But I don't see anyone behaving heinously--just stupidly and cravenly. A national boycott, as the reader urged, would be ineffective because only a small fraction of the crop is sold as bird food. Instead, I suggest putting the same kind of pressure on APHIS that it gets from the National Sunflower Association. Under the EIS process, the agency is asking for your comments. Don't disappoint it.
Ted Williams has been baiting redwings longer than APHIS, but only with unpoisoned cracked corn, which he spreads on his lawn in late winter.
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夫君子之行﹕靜以修身,儉以養德。非澹泊無以明志,非寧靜無以致遠。夫學須靜也,才須學也。非學無以廣才,非靜無以成學。慆慢則不能研精,險躁則不能理性。
年與時馳,意與日去, 遂成枯落, 多不接世。 悲守窮盧,將復何及﹗-------諸葛亮誡子書
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#41124 - 2001-11-08 17:03:54
Re: 禪坐
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一元復始
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註冊: 1999-12-21
文章數: 1329
來自: 海王星
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剛練習打坐都會如此,且平常業障最重的那個壞習慣都會在腦袋盤據不去,可以先清淨一下自己的飲食,再練習調節呼吸,
先想像自己的業障如黑氣遍及全身,吸第一口氣時,冥想感受黑氣從四肢下陰頭頂指尖耳朵等收於胸腹中,吐氣時黑氣順而呼出,緩緩呼出,呼時冥想黑氣驟然消失,渺無蹤跡,仿若無物,若覺不乾淨,重複至感覺體內已無黑氣半點不留,感到身體透明清澈潔白.
再調節呼吸,慢慢吸氣感到氣體緩緩充盈四肢全身,緩吐氣,意識如身處幽靜山谷,幽而靜,重複至內心安定.
若覺想睡時,慢吸感到氣體緩緩走四肢及『頭頂』(百會),吸至欲滿,頭會感到微麻,此時緩緩吐氣,幾次即可.
心情維持穩定...大吃大喝疲累或精神太好亢奮吵雜等,不適宜即時打坐.
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捻花微笑有何意 一念之間了破禪
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#41125 - 2001-11-09 02:47:57
Re: 學佛疑題
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八面春風
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註冊: 2001-10-16
文章數: 8475
來自: 高雄路竹
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為自利而殺,己錯.為公利而殺.眾錯.白蟻吃木頭,站白蟻立場.這是他的生存之道.而我們明知這道理.卻不做防範.這是我們錯.錯在:有智慧與無智慧之分,智慧者殺毫無智慧者永遠是錯.因智慧者能想出在不傷他人的情況下,來保護自身的利益.人是貪婪無止盡的動物,不會因吃飽而停止獵殺其他物種,會因其利益而盡情殺戮.至今有多少物種毀於人類.雨林的破壞是最明顯的例子.
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#41126 - 2001-11-12 03:48:59
現實與理想之間
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潛龍勿用
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註冊: 2001-10-31
文章數: 6
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消息: 澳洲本土的樹熊現今數量已經很多,當地政府決定將牠們人道毀滅,適度調節其存在數量。 現實與理想之間..... 確實存在很多無耐的矛盾。
* 阿彌陀彿 *
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#41127 - 2001-11-12 13:05:29
Re: 現實與理想之間
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一元復始
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註冊: 1999-12-21
文章數: 1329
來自: 海王星
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保育是人在談,一旦數量多,又是人類開始殺..阿彌陀佛.
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捻花微笑有何意 一念之間了破禪
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#41128 - 2001-11-12 21:13:40
...cccccc
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飛龍在天
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註冊: 2000-04-16
文章數: 547
來自: 台北
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成罘壹定要吃素,,,
不成罘的話....倒是無彷的夾一兩塊臘..!!
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