先列出我作研究的原始資料來源 :
最原始的資料來自 Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data : The tz database http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm 這是包括了全世界大部份國家的[時區]及[日光節約時辰]的資料庫。 然後﹐ Paul Eggert [[email protected]] (1999-03-22)﹐從以上資料作了整理﹐抽出有關亞洲的部份。 http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/hm/asia.txt 此作者還介紹了以下文獻﹐見于上述 asia.txt 內文 : A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
Gwillim Law [
[email protected]] writes that a good source for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries of the IATA's data after 1990.
Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which can be found in the UCLA library.
A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
然後﹐Helmer Aslaksen [[email protected]] (Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore) 再根據 Paul Eggert 的資料﹐作了有關[東馬]﹑[西馬]﹑以及[新加坡]的時區分析﹐最遠可追朔自 1880 年。
我就是根據 Helmer Aslaksen 的資料來開始我的研究的。 http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone-old.html以下是詳文 :
Time Zones in Malaysia [Helmer Aslaksen] Some years ago I created this page based on information from the file asia, which is part of the tz database. After giving a lecture on the Chinese calendar at the Department of History at the National University of Singapore I got in touch with Mok Ly Yng, who has researched this extensively, and corrected some errors in the tz database. I have created a page with the article he sent me. I have kept this page because it gives information about East Malaysia, too. I use the modern terms East and West Malaysia for convenience.
The local mean time in Kuala Lumpur is (6:46:48). West Malaysia used local mean time until 1880, when they changed to Singapore mean time (6:55:24). In 1905 they changed to 7:00, in 1933 to 7:20 and in 1941 to 7:30. During the Japanese occupation, Tokyo time was used, before changing back to 7:30 in 1945. In 1982, they finally changed to 8:00. This was done to create a single time zone for East and West Malaysia. Since the capital and 80% of the population is in West Malaysia, I've always found it strange that the whole country follows East Malaysia's time, but I guess it was a gesture of goodwill towards East Malaysia.
# Malaysia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:48 - LMT 1880
6:55:24 - SMT 1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
7:00 - MALT 1933 # Malaya Time
7:20 - MALT 1941 Aug 31
7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 15
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
7:30 - MALT 1982 May
8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
The local mean time in Kuching is (7:21:20). Sabah and Sarawak used local mean time until 1926. They then changed to 7:30. In 1933, when West Malaysia changed to 7:20, they changed to 8:00, with a 20min time change between September 14 and December 14. During the Japanese occupation, Tokyo time was used, before changing back to 8:00, but without the daylight savings time, in 1945. The tz database does not distinguish between Sabah and Sarawak, so I assume that these changes applied to both places.
Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
8:00 - BORT 1982 May
8:00 - MYT
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS
Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
The daylight savings time from September 14 to December 14 is very interesting. On November 3, the equation of time reaches a maximum of 16m 25s. This seems to be an attempt at reducing the variation in the time of the sunrise by looking at how the analemma rises in the tropics.
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